PARP

Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase or PARP is an enzyme taking active part in several cellular processes which includes mainly DNA repair and programmed cell death. The PARP family of proteins comprises of seventeen members with different structure and function within in the cell. PARPs are known to polymerize ADP-ribose (PAR) from nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) that can be degraded by the enzyme PARG (poly (ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase). Moreover PARPs are also involved in base excision repair and thus repair single-stranded DNA nicks. PARPs are also involved in ATP depletion thus leading to lysis and cell death. PARP mediated post-translational modification of proteins such as CTCF affects the amount of DNA methylation at CpG dinucleotides.